The attention of the Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria (AMLSN), Gombe State Hospitals Chapter, has been drawn to a publication in WikkiTimes, of September 25, 2022, authored by Hafsah Ibrahim Muhammad, captioned: "INVESTIGATION: Genotype Scam: How Health Workers in Gombe Issue Fake Genotype Certificates for a Token".

While we sympathize with the victims of this nefarious act by quacks, we will like to assure the general public that we will work closely with the relevant authorities to prosecute these crimes to a logical conclusion.

We equally want to commend the author of this investigative journalism for baring the activities of these quacks, and lending a voice to our cries for years, on the need to amend the Gombe State Primary Healthcare Development Agency (GSPHCDA) Act, to make provisions for the establishment of a functional Department of Medical Laboratory Services. Indeed, the importance of investigative journalism in uncovering the truth cannot be overstated.

However, to put the record straight, and to educate the general public, AMLSN wishes to make the following clarifications: 

1. Medical Laboratory Scientists and Medical Laboratory Technicians are the only healthcare professionals licensed by the Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria to independently carry out medical laboratory investigations for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring of patients, and research. Medical laboratory technicians and assistants who are also registered by the Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria (National Medical Laboratory Accreditation Agency) are permitted to carry out certain activities in the medical laboratories under the supervision of qualified medical laboratory scientists. Thus, any other person carrying out medical laboratory tests is deemed a quack!

Further, the Rules of Professional Conduct, along with the Minimum Practice Standards and Regulations, define professionalism in the practice of medical laboratory science. Hence,  medical laboratory scientists demonstrate an application of their ethical obligations through their professional and personal conduct.

2. The primary healthcare centres (PHC) in the state are under the purview of the Gombe State Primary Healthcare Development Agency (GSPHCDA). 

3. There is no Department of Medical Laboratory Services to effectively and efficiently coordinate the activities of medical laboratory professionals at that level. Thus, most of the workers are not even qualified medical laboratory professionals.

4. AMLSN has on several occasions called the attention of GSPHCDA to facilitate the creation of the Department of Medical Laboratory Services to ensure the provision of quality medical laboratory services for the citizens of the state at the level of PHC, being that PHC is the "front door" of the health system and provides the foundation for the strengthening of the essential public health services. However, to date, this issue has not been addressed, unfortunately.

5. It is evident from the report that all the quackeries were perpetrated at the primary healthcare centres and some private health establishments where our medical laboratories are often manned by unqualified professionals. 

Furthermore, it is important to note that the aims of primary health care overlap with those of universal health coverage, which aims to ensure access to essential health services and safe, effective and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all people. All these would not be achievable in the absence of quality medical laboratory services, since the practice of modern medicine is evidence-based, and research has put it that up to 70% of clinical decisions are informed by data from medical laboratories.

Conclusion

Accordingly, AMLSN wishes to call on the general public to be wary of quacks parading as medical laboratory professionals. Also, they should boldly request or look out for the MLSCN logo when accessing the services of a medical laboratory whether located in a clinic/hospital or a private facility.

Secondly, for the umpteenth time, we call on the attention of the Gombe State Government to amend the GSPHCDA Act and other relevant healthcare Acts to make for the inclusion of medical laboratory services for the benefit of the citizenry. 

Finally, we wish to draw the attention of the proprietors of private healthcare facilities to eschew the culture of cutting corners by employing only qualified medical laboratory professionals to man their medical laboratories. Otherwise, the long arm of the law is bound to catch them.

Lynn Maori

Chairman

AMLSN GOMBE STATE HOSPITAL'S CHAPTER.

THE TRADE UNION ACT 2005 AS AMENDED NGIGE ERRED IN THE FACE OF THE LAW . By Comrade Ayodele Aaron

One wonders sometimes in Nigeria how some political office holders who seemingly suffer from severe mental incapacity are increasingly allowed to thrive with their notoriety to cause confusion, institutionalise abnormalities and illegalities, and official declaration for the adoption of impunity. 

It is rather unfortunate that some exalted political offices in Nigeria that should provide leadership for optimal gains and societal benefits are reserved for some set of notorious drunkards who usually embrace gross abuse of office, and shamelessly express sheer sentimental attachment with absurdity, lawlessness, and executive rascality. 

Such is the case of the current minister of labour and productivity, Dr. Chris Ngige. Right from the outset of his appointment into the Labour ministry, Ngige has always represented the opinions and norms of another society that is actually not in Nigeria. And it is quite amazing how he has consistently thrown the labour industry into a state of anomie. For how long will the Federal Govt permit such a lousy minister who has demonstrated he has nothing to offer than noise-making and deployment of crude and anachronistic methodologies that are not compatible with the 21st century Democratic and civil model in the handling and management of labour affairs. 

I have watched the ongoing impasse between ASUU and Federal Govt closely. And I do suspect just like in any other union agitations against Government generally that if only the Government can be sincere, a workable solution can actually be set up. But what is the priority of the Federal Government? Of course, we have always known that the greatest plot by many Nigerian politicians is to de-emphasize education in this country so that invariably we can have a society that produces more of illiterate thugs that are valuable to their trades. If not, I don't see how any Government would allow the closure of its universities for so many months under whatever circumstances and reasons. 

The Labour minister, a medical Doctor and his colleagues have succeeded in destroying the health sector via their unjust, uncivil, and highhanded practices. While we are still breathing for solutions, they have also migrated to the Education sector to cause further damage. The intellectual community should do whatever it can to avert this disaster. There should be something left for us in this country to be proud of. 

I read from some media outlets that Dr. Ngige has registered two new trade unions at the university. As if that was not embarrassing enough, we saw pictures of how certificates of Registration were presented to the new union leaders ceremoniously by a minister who should be restless,  intelligently engaging and passionately offering to ensure that the gates of the universities are opened again for our Children. Rather than finding a solution as a leader, he is busy scheming, and building conspiracy to bring down ASUU. When we told the whole world that Doctors are the reasons our health sector is what it is today, many did not believe it. Why is it that one of the two newly registered illegal unions i.e the  National Association of Medical and Dental Academics NAMDA)  belongs to Dr. Ngige's profession? I still cannot fathom how creating a union for only medical doctors in the university can solve ASUU demands from the federal Government.  How did Ngige err in the face of the law by his recent show of unimaginable expression of unfortunate registration of two additional unions in the universities? 

Fundamentally, Trade Union means a combination of workers or even employers in a particular TRADE, profession, industry e.t.c. that protects the right of workers.  

The trade union act 2005 as amended has its own statutory definitions as well that is more elaborate and that are derivations of statutory considerations in the protection of freedom of association. The Act also provides for rules and regulations for the administration and control of all trade unions in Nigeria viz : registration, operations, responsibilities, prohibitions, check off dues regulation among many other functions. 

But in the case of the newly registered illegal unions by Dr. Ngige, the provisions of the trade union Act is clear in Section 3 Subsection 2. This section states that

 " No combination of workers or employers shall be registered as a trade union save with the approval of the minister on his being satisfied that it is expedient to register the union either by regrouping existing trade unions, registering a new trade union, or otherwise howsoever, but no trade union shall be registered to represent workers or employers in a place where there already exists a trade union". [1978 No. 22.].

With the above provision, Dr. Ngige has once again shown that he is not vast with the knowledge of labour or union movements in Nigeria. And this is a lesson for us all that in this country, we must learn to allow technocrats to occupy sensitive positions such as this. Is the Minister aware that it is unlawful to have proceeded with such registration? Perhaps no. Did he consult widely on those applications for registration? No. Does he have genuine intention to approve the registration? No. Why then should the Federal Government look away from the overbearing attitudes of a minister to further aggravate and exacerbate the fragile education sector rather than providing solutions?  Will the Federal Government be proud of a minister formulating problems to solve problems? 

Therefore, I will advise the leadership of ASUU to quickly approach a court of competent jurisdiction to declare the registration of the National Association of Medical and Dental Academics (NAMDA) and   Congress of Nigerian University Academics ( CONUA)  illegal. The minister should come back to the round table with the ASUU and justify why he was appointed the Labour minister by brainstorming and harvesting solutions from critical stakeholders and not using divide and rule to cover up for his inefficiencies. 

Finally, political leaders should learn from the international communities where people resign their positions whenever it does appear that available capacities can no longer provide for expected solutions. You must not get fixated on a position you have lost control over. If the minister has lost steam as evident currently, let him resign. 

Comrade Aaron Ayodele

Writes from Kogi State.

MANASON RUBAINU: A THOROUGHBRED PROFESSIONAL AND LEADER

It is heart-warming that one of our own, Manason Garkuwa Rubainu has ascended to the leadership board of the apex association of professionals in Nigeria, the Association of Professional Bodies of Nigeria (APBN) as President. Throughout his life, the distinguished Medical Laboratory Scientist have leadership acumen running in his veins. I could remember the role he played in Ilorin in 2007 when we were agitating for the hosting rights of the Annual Scientific Conference in Bauchi, and how we rallied around him in the 2008 election where he emerged the 10th National President of the Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria (AMLSN).

He retired from active service after setting a gargantuan goal of becoming the first Director of Medical Laboratory Services at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. He left Bauchi State before the creation of Gombe State, but I have learned a lot about his achievements in the early days of the professional expedition. When we were in the process of documenting the history of the profession in Gombe State, we sat with him for an interview, and, for over two hours, he revealed the interesting aspects of his life which were not only captivating but engrossing as well.

Manason Rubainu’s journey into the Medical Laboratory Science profession is motivating. He was admitted into the IJMB Programme in ABU Zaria where he was placed to study Chemistry. after his first year in the Chemistry Department, his grades in biological courses were very high, and he became the center of a thug of war between two Professors: Professor Deborah Ajakaiye, then the Dean of the Faculty of Science, and Professor Umaru Dechi Gomwalk, then Head of the Chemistry Department. Because of those high grades in biological sciences, Professor Ajakaiye was insisting Manason should move to Biological Sciences to study Zoology. At the end of the heated debate between the two Professors, the issue degenerated and Gomwalk declared that Manason won’t continue in the Chemistry Department. Manason quietly wrote a letter of voluntary withdrawal from the University. When summoned to explain the unprecedented decision, Manason insisted he will only study Chemistry, and nothing else. And so, he left the University.

He returned to Bauchi and secured a job with the Hospitals Management Board as a Hospital Assistant with his IJMB certificate and was posted to the maintenance unit of the Specialist Hospital. One day while going around the hospital, he came to the laboratory and instantly fell in love with the laboratory, principally because of the equipment he saw. Specialist Hospital Bauchi then have the best Immunology Laboratory in the country, but he was most especially fascinated by the Clinical Chemistry equipment on show: UV Visible Spectrophotometer, Scanning Spectrophotometer, and Flame Photometer, among others.

He was in Bauchi for some months and went for a sojourn to see friends in Zaria. While in Zaria, his friends insisted he returned to the University. He insisted adamantly that he can only return if he will be allowed back into the Chemistry Department. Escorted by his friends, he went to see Professor Gomwalk, who has then taken over from Professor Ajakaiye as the Dean of the school’s Faculty of Science. After explaining his mission, he was expecting a backlash from the Professor, but he agreed that Manason can return to the University and to the Chemistry Department if he writes for reinstalment. He wrote and was taken back.

After his graduation in 1981, he returned to Bauchi, to the equipment that enthralled him. During his days at the University, Manason had envisioned Medical Laboratory Science as the process of uncovering nature’s secret through experiments. To him, Science was a great quest to unravel the mysteries of Creation itself. On return to Bauchi, he was interviewed by Dr Bello Katagum and Dr Danjuma Sulai and got employed at a time he was not formally trained in Medical Laboratory Science. That was in 1982. By then, only Bukar Mailafiya, Shehu Yakubu, and Hassan Yahaya were the only qualified Medical Laboratory Technologists in Bauchi State.

Between 1982 and 1988 Manason headed the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory at the Specialist Hospital Bauchi. In between those years, he returned to Zaria for his Associate Course at the School of Medical Laboratory Science. That time, the Associate programme lasted a year, therefore he was in Zaria between 1985 and 1986, and qualified at first sitting, thereby becoming the first graduate from ABU Zaria to pass the Institute’s Associate exams at the first sitting.

In 1988, Manason was transferred to Gombe to take over from Hassan Yahaya as the Head of the Laboratory at General Hospital. His passion for the profession immensely helped in moving the laboratory forward. He was instrumental in many innovations at the hospital, including the onset of clinical meetings with private practitioners within the town.

In 1994 Manason left Bauchi State for Abuja to begin a brand new adventure at Gwagwalada Specialist Hospital (now University of Abuja Teaching Hospital). At that time the hospital was the most advanced in Abuja. After his employment, he began in the role of Chief Medical Laboratory Scientist, in 2008 he became the Assistant Director and was promoted to Deputy Director in 2012. In 2015 he became the first Director of Medical Laboratory Services at the facility.

Before his retirement in 2017, he was involved in setting up a robust Quality Assurance Programme in the laboratory. He was also involved in the Quality Control of sentinel surveillance from 19 states for the Federal Ministry of Health. In 2005 he headed a team of the Federal Ministry of Health charged with the task of evaluating Determine Syphilis test kit for possible use in Nigeria. The Federal Ministry of Health also made him a consultant for the National consultation of public-private partnership in health. He was also involved in several clinical trials of drugs and supervision of laboratory activities for testing HIV infection and monitoring patients on ARV treatment. All these projects were financed by international organisations.

After his retirement, he continued his consultancy services. He is currently the Chairman, of the Evaluation of HIV test kits in Nigeria and chaired the National Medical Laboratory Equipment Harmonisation and Standardisation. He was the pioneer Chairman of the National Medical Laboratory Technical Working Group. He is a Faculty Member of the Foundation of Laboratory Leadership and Management (FLLM) of the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL). He is also an African Society of Laboratory Medicine (ASLM) certified Auditor of the World Health Organisation’s Strengthening Laboratory Improvement Programme Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) for the African Region.

In 1996 he was elected as the National Public Relations Officer of the Association, and between 2004 and 2006 he was the First National Vice President of the Association. During the 2007 Annual Scientific Conference of AMLSN in Ilorin, Kwara State, he unveiled his plan and structure to take a shot at the Presidency, and in 2008 during the Scientific Conference in Bauchi, he emerged as the elected National President of the Association in a landslide victory, a position he held until 2011.

I would like to congratulate the mentor of mentors, an exemplary Medical Laboratory Scientist, and a leader per excellence, for taking over as the National President of the prestigious APBN.

 

-Tanimu Umar, Gombe.

With notes from Chronicles of Medical Laboratory Science in Gombe State

 

TRAVELOGUE: RWANDA, A COUNTRY RESURRECTED

I read a lot about Rwanda and the dark history of the genocide against the Tutsi. I also read about how the country has gotten over the pogrom that claimed almost a million lives in just 100 days, but I never envisaged the kind of serene environment with virtually everything working in the country. From what I’ve seen, Rwanda has been resurrected due to the combination of honest leadership, reunified people who love the country and are law-abiding, and most importantly, the accountability mindset of every citizen. A visit to the Kigali Genocide Memorial (pictured) elicits lots of emotions, some tourists could be seen weeping after seeing the mass graves of victims and the depiction of the horrendous massacre. The sequential illustration of the genocide presents a tangible lesson to Nigerians: Citizens of every country must unite while overlooking everyone’s religion, region, or ethnicity if the country will stand the test of time and thrive as a nation.

 

Rwanda is fondly called le pays des miles (land of a thousand hills). The entire country is surrounded by mountains and undulating highways. After a couple of days pounding Kigali’s steep streets, you tend to know how beautiful Kigali is. I attributed the city’s cleanliness to the decade-old ban on plastic bags-how I wish this can be done in Nigeria! I learned that Kigali has been voted the 9th safest country in Africa by the World Economic Forum. Criminality is almost non-existence in the country, residences, offices, and hotel rooms are visible without buglers. People move around with ease without fear of banditry or thieves. A visit to Kigali provides a fascinating insight into Rwanda’s post-genocide recovery, the city is picturesque with abundant sights and delights. It is a place to experience adrenalin-pumping adventures.

 

Right from landing at the Kigali International Airport, I had a taste of what we were in for. The neatness and adherence to standards captured my mind.  Nestled amid rolling gardens and with winding boulevards flanked by blossoming trees, Kigali could well be Africa's most beautiful capital city. This natural paradise has seen unspeakable man-made horrors, but much of the work to rebuild the nation after the 1994 genocide has been focused here. The result is a safe, welcoming, and cosmopolitan city with buzzing art and melodious scene, the city has vibrant restaurants with exquisite mouth-watering cuisines. 

 

In Rwanda, the government has enacted laws criminalising genocide ideology, which can include intimidation, vilification, and mocking of victims. Before leaving Abuja, we were warned not to ask them about the genocide or ask to be shown who is Hutu or Tutsi. The longstanding conflict between the Hutus and Tutsis has nothing to do with language or religion-they speak the same Bantu tongues (Kiryanwanda) as well as French and generally practice Christianity. Many geneticists couldn’t find any marked ethnic differences between the two.  

 

With so many natural wonders, it is impossible not to enjoy the adventurous and exciting stay in Rwanda. I found the most mesmerising sight to be bicycles used for public transport. Rwanda is perhaps the only country where bicycle taxis are seen circumventing traffic jams and transporting men, women, and goods in Kigali and its environs. Young men ride the passenger-conveying bicycles up the mountainous terrains strongly and delightfully. Some of the cyclists were on crash helmets, but all motorcycle riders and their passengers must put on helmets. 

 

Rwanda is a land-locked country without ports or crude oil, its main export commodities are tea and coffee. The country’s economy is based on subsistent agriculture, with tourism the leading foreign exchange earner. But the country amazingly attained a per-capita nominal GDP of $910! The people are naturally contented, a pointer to the serenity and sense of fulfillment by every citizen of the country. 

2022/23 ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE: INTENSE COMPETITION

The 2022/23 English Premier League season kicks off today with a bang. The level of preparation is as rapid as it used to be, but the competitive edge is obviously more intense. 

The defending champions, Manchester City are not resting on their oars. Following their defeat by Liverpool in the Community Shield, and the seeming underperformance of their marque acquisition, Erling Haaland. Last season City won the league without using an out-and-out striker, it will be different this time out, I see Pep Guardiola utilising the pair of Haaland and Alvarez in the attack. City remains favourite to retain the title.

They will be closely challenged by Liverpool, of course. Liverpool's firepower upfront could be overwhelming, despite the departure of Sadio Mane I see Darwin Nunez somehow filling those goal-scoring shoes, albeit in a different berth. Chelsea will definitely offer a robust challenge of their own, especially if they add more depth to the squad before the transfer window closes. The signing of Raheem Sterling and Kalidou Koulibaly will surely add dimension to the team. 

Arsenal has been busy in the transfer market, as expected. They had added Gabriel Jesus, Oleksandr Zinchenko, Fabio Vieira, Matt Turner, and Marquinhos and will surely be a force to reckon with. But I don't see them challenging for the league title. 

Tottenham will be in the same token, and will surely compute for the top 4. Spurs have been busy in the transfer market as well: Richarlison, Ivan Perisic, Dejan Kulusevski, Yves Bissouma, and Clement Langet. Fruitful additions. 

Manchester United now has a tested manager in Eric ten Hag. He is saddled with the challenge of Cristiano's unresolved issue, still chasing his main target in the form of Frenkie de Jong, and the failure as yet, to sign a striker and a holding midfielder. On the positive side, United has acquired the services of Christian Eriksen, Tyrell Malacia, and Lisandro Martinez. The team will have to struggle for a 4th place finishing unless ten Hag sorts out the aforementioned grey areas. 

I don't see any dark horses this season. Leicester, Everton, Newcastle, Aston Villa, Wolverhampton, and Crystal Palace will compete to finish in mid-table.

The newcomers in the fold, Fulham, Nottingham Forest, and  Bournemouth will, as usual, will struggle for survival in the relegation waters. Brentford and Leeds will likely swim in them in the murky waters.

MAILANTARKI PRE-SCOUTING FOOTBALL TOURNAMENT: AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In the build-up to the razzmatazz football fiesta in Gombe, the ambience surrounding football airspace in the centre of the North-East was thick with high expectations. Football fans were expectant of the array of promising young talents who will be all out to flaunt their prodigious skills that will offer them a lifetime prospect of been selected for the scouting tournament, a tournament that promises to mould them for a professional stint in Europe. The fans were not disappointed. 

The objective of the tournament, as summarised by the affable Honourable Khamisu Ahmed Mailantarki, the President of the Mailantarki Care Academy and the sole sponsor of the scouting expedition, is to give young football talents across the northern parts of the country the opportunity to play in Europe. A predominant majority of Nigerians playing in European leagues are from the other parts of the country. Teams from Gombe, Nasarawa, Kano, Bauchi and Yobe States flooded Gombe with a couple of goals: To get their most endowed players selected for the main scouting tournament and to get a shot at the cash and other assortment of tantalising prizes lined up by Honourable Mailantarki. 

For four days ardent fans packed the Gombe Township Stadium as the young players displayed their competitive talents with gusto, as the technical team led by Coach Manu Garba, OON/MFR carried out the selection. At the end, over 70 players were selected, these players will remain in Gombe for a week-long camping before the advent of the main scouting tournament kicking off from 24th October. International football scouts from England and other European countries will be in Gombe for the exercise. 

The final match of the tournament capped a tantalising football event, Mailantarki Football Academy ran away with the winners’ trophy, beating FC Sergio from Bauchi. Apart from the display of aptitude by the players, the match official need to be praised. Football referees in Gombe have really came of age, their understanding and implementation of Laws of the Game was on the high during the tournament. 

The biggest cheer goes to Honourable Khamisu Mailantarki, without whose passion, benevolence and philanthropy the event could not be possible. He is a well-known politician, a one-time member of the National Assembly, but he was firm in his stance: He is doing this to discover and nurture young talents for professionalism in Europe. 

AGITATION FOR BIAFRA AND THE NEED FOR UNITED NIGERIA

In my own appraisal the declaration by General Yakubu Gowen in 1970 of "No Victor, No Vanquished" should have put an end to any secessionist agitation in Nigeria. The Civil War has truncated Nigeria's unity and the wounds of disunity were supposed to be healed with the country inching on. But alas! The elements of disunity keep on revising us and the ghost of Biafra refuse to disappear for good.

When we were growing up our parents persistently relayed tales of the Nigerian Civil War, the devastating effects and how Nigeria almost got divided across ethnic lines. Our parents took us through history on the genesis of the secessionist agitation.

We learned through history that the Federation of Nigeria, as it is known today, has never really been one homogeneous country, for it's widely differing peoples and tribes. This obvious fact notwithstanding, the British colonial master decided to keep the country as one entity in order to effectively control her vital resources for their economic interests. Thus, for administrative convenience the Northern and Southern Nigeria were amalgamated in 1914. Thereafter the only thing this people had in common was the name of their country since each side had different administrative set-up. This alone was an insufficient basis for true unity. Under normal circumstances the amagalmation ought to have brought the various peoples together and provided a firm basis for the arduous task of establishing closer cultural, social, religious, and linguistic ties vital for true unity among the people. There was division, hatred, unhealthy rivalry, and pronounced disparity in development.

The Nigerian Civil War broke out in July 1967. The war was the culmination of an uneasy peace and stability that had plagued the Nation from independence in 1960. This situation had its genesis in the geography, history, culture and demography of Nigeria. The immediate cause of the civil war itself may be identified as the coup and the counter coup of 1966 which altered the political equation and destroyed the fragile trust existing among the major ethnic groups.

The consequences of the Civil War was as devastating as the war itself. Almost half a century afterwards, angst amongst the populace persisted, with ethnic sentiments threatening to destabilise the country. Virtually every ethnic group in Nigeria is one way or the other guilty of rekindling hatred towards other ethnic groups. What seems to be a human tragedy all through ages is the inability of man to learn a good lesson from the past so as to avoid the pitfall of those who had gone before. There is also the innate and unconscious desire of man to remain oblivious of the lessons of the past.

The emergence of Nnamdi Kanu and IPOB seemingly sounding the drums of war at a time when Nigeria more than anytime need to be united in fighting corruption and instituting economic dependency. While IPOB are trying to unleash their agenda, resistant forces in the north are echoing the war drums by brazenly "ordering" the relocation of Igbos from northern Nigeria. Do we really need to be divided? I'm a strong believer in the fact that every region in Nigeria can sustain itself, but we need not go to that extent. Nigeria's unity need to be resuscitated, every ethic group is as important in Nigeria as every Igbo, Yoruba or Hausa. We are all joint shareholders of the enterprise called Nigeria.

It was President Olusegun Obasanjo who once dismissed IPOB and MASSOB as mere swindlers: "The people who are doing this," he said, "are the same people in the 419 business, they are the same people you will find in drugs all over the world. To them this is another source of making money." I won't believe that Nnamdi Kanu and Ralph Uwazurike are mere con men, their resurgence supersedes that. Nigeria don't need another Civil War, we need national unity and tolerance. One Nigeria is what we should agitate for.